Unit 9 – Transport (Short Questions)
Q.1. Why the Multicellular bodies do not rely on “Diffusion” only for the transport of materials?
Q.2. How the land plants move water and food through the plant body?
Q.4. What are plasmodesmata and how these help in transport of water?
Q.5. Define the term transpiration and how many different types of transpiration occur in plants.
Q.7. What is the drawback of Transpiration?
Q.8. During transport of water, how the column of water is built?
Q.9. How can you differentiate among sources and sinks of food in plots?
Q.10. How the material is transported inside the human body?
Q.11. What is meant by universal. Donor and universal recipients?
Q.12. How can you differentiate among Arteries, Capillaries and veins?
Q.13. How the blood is transported to heart muscles?
Q.14. What is Angina Pectoris?
Q.1. Why the Multicellular bodies do not rely on “Diffusion” only for the transport of materials?
Answer:
Diffusion is useful for the transport of materials but only in unicellular and some simple Multicellular organisms because every comer of their body is in close and direct contact with environmental. In complex Multicellular bodies, cells are far apart from the environment and so these bodies require a comprehensive system for the transport of materials.
Q.2. How the land plants move water and food through the plant body?
Answer:
All land plants except liverworts and mosses have developed complex vascular systems for this function. These vascular tissues are separately named xylem and phloem. Xylem tissue is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved substances from roots to the aerial parts. Phloem tissue conduct dissolved organic matter (food)
between different parts of plant body.
Q.3. Suppose the cells of the root have high salt concentration and this root has been placed in a beaker of water. What Will be the pathway, of water? Either towards inside of root or out from the root?
Answer:
Water always moves from an area of higher water potential to an area of lower water potential. Because the cells of root have high salt concentration it means low water potential (Solute concentration is inversely related with water Potential) so water will move from beaker towards inside of root.
Q.4. What are plasmodesmata and how these help in transport of water?
Answer:
Plasmodesmata are the cytoplasmic connections among cells. Cells can share their contents through these channels. During transport of water, when water comes inside the root hair then follows two paths to get entry into xylem for further transport. One of this pathway is through these channels, which is named as Symplast Pathway.
Q.5. Define the term transpiration and how many different types of transpiration occur in plants.
Answer:
Transpiration is the loss of water from the surface of plants. There are various points from where this water evaporates, on the basis of which transpiration has divided into various types e.g.
(i) Stomatal transpiration
(ii) Cuticular transpiration
(in) Lenticular transpiration
Q.6. It has been examined that On Lahore, the ate of transpiration from plants during a hot, dry day is high as compare to a cold, moist day, Why? .
Answer:
Rate of transpiration is directly proportional to temperature and dryness of the environment. When ail is dry, water vapours diffuse more quickly from ‘the surfaces of mesophyll cells into leaf air spaces and then from air spaces to outside. So rate’ of transpiration also increases. In humid air the rate of the diffusion of water vapours is reduced and so the rate of transpiration is low. These are the reasons due to’ which rate of transpiration from plants in high during hot, dry day as compared to cold, moist day.
Q.7. What is the drawback of Transpiration?
Answer:
Transpiration is a necessary phenomenon .but it may be a harmful process. Its major drawback is that during draught conditions, it causes the wilting of plant and even plant can die. Wilting is actually the loss of rigidity of non-woody parts of plants.
Q.8. During transport of water, how the column of water is built?
Answer:
Inside the xylem tubes, water molecules adhere to the walls of xylem and also water molecules cohere to each other These attractions and the pulling force created by Transpiration pull lead to the formulation of water column
Q.9. How can you differentiate among sources and sinks of food in plots?
Answer:
Sources are the parts of plants, which provide food to the other parts of plants e.g. mature leaves. Sinks are the parts of plants where metabolism is very high and where food ‘is stored e.g. roots, tubers etc.
Q.10. How the material is transported inside the human body?
Answer:
In the human body, different materials are transported by two complex systems e.g.
(i) Blood Circulatory System
(ii) Lymphatic System
These systems are well coordinated and associated with each other.
Q.11. What is meant by universal. Donor and universal recipients?
Answer:
Blood transfusion. cannot occur randomly, it means we cannot transfuse the blood of a person to any other person until or unless it is matched with the other person. But the persons having blood group “O” are called universal donors, because they can donate blood to the recipients of every other blood group. The person having blood group AB are called universal recipients, because they can receive transfusions from the donors of every other blood group.
Q.12. How can you differentiate among Arteries, Capillaries and veins?
Answer:
Arteries carry blood away from heart these are thick and elastic and do not contain valves.
Capillaries allow the exchange of materials between blood and tissues, these are thick but non-elastic and do not contain valves. Veins carry blood towards heart, these are thin walled less elastic and also contain valves.
Q.13. How the blood is transported to heart muscles?
Answer:
Each and every time, the heart is filled with blood but this does not nourish, the heart muscles. The blood is transported to heart by coronary arteries, which emerge from the base of the aorta. The heart muscles are drained by the coronary veins, which’ empty into right atrium.
Q.14. What is Angina Pectoris?
Answer:
Angina Pectoris means the chest pain. This pain is similar to the pain as in the heart attack but it is not sever as the pain of heart attack. This pain occurs in left arm and shoulder. It is a warning sign that the blood supply to the heart muscles is not sufficient but the shortage is not enough to cause tissue death.