Unit 6 – Enzymes (Short Questions)
Q.1. What is the relationship between catabolism and anabolism?
Q.2. What is the activation energy? How enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction?
Q.3. Name some industries where enzymes are used?
Q.4. How temperature causes Denaturation of enzyme?
Q.5. What is the optimum temperature for the enzymes working in human body?
Q.6. What is lock and key model?
Q.7. What is induced fit model for enzyme action?
Q.8. What is he basis of enzyme specificity?
Q.1. What is the relationship between catabolism and anabolism?
Answer:
Catabolism is the series of chemical reactions that breakdown larger molecules while anabolism is the series of chemical reactions involved in the synthesis of larger molecules. Energy is released in catabolism while it
is utilized in anabolism. Similarly, the products of catabolism are used in anabolism.
Q.2. What is the activation energy? How enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction?
Answer:
The energy required to break the chemical bonds and begin the chemical reaction.
Enzymes lower the activation energy is several ways such as
- Altering the shape of the substrate and reducing the amount of energy required to complete the transition.
- Disrupting the charge distribution
- Bringing substrates in the correct orientation to react.
Q.3. Name some industries where enzymes are used?
Answer:
Enzymes are extensively used in a number of industries, such as food industry, Brewing industry, dairy industry, paper industry, textile industry, leather industry and detergents industry.
Q.4. How temperature causes Denaturation of enzyme?
Answer:
When the temperature is raised above the optimum value, the heat energy causes the vibration of atoms of the enzyme molecules and affects the globular structure of the enzyme which results in the lose of enzyme structure and activity.
Q.5. What is the optimum temperature for the enzymes working in human body?
Answer:
The optimum temperature of the enzymes working in the human body is 37°C.
Q.6. What is lock and key model?
Answer:
In order to explain the mechanism of enzyme action a German chemist Emil Fischer, in 1894, proposed the lock and key model. According to this model both the enzyme and the substrate possess specific complementary geometric shapes that fit exactly into one another. This model explains enzyme specificity.
Q.7. What is induced fit model for enzyme action?
Answer:
American biologist Daniel Koshland suggested a modification to the lock and key model and proposed the induced-fit model. He said that enzymes are flexible structures and their active site is reshaped as the substrate interacts with the enzyme. According to this model the active site is not a rigid structure rather it is molded into the precise position to perform it function.
Q.8. What is he basis of enzyme specificity?
Answer:
The specificity of different enzymes is determined by the shapes of then active sites. The active sites possess specific geometric shapes that fit with specific substrate.