{"id":1962,"date":"2020-07-15T17:38:41","date_gmt":"2020-07-15T17:38:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/?p=1962"},"modified":"2020-07-15T17:38:41","modified_gmt":"2020-07-15T17:38:41","slug":"q-2-what-are-chromosomes-and-genes-describe-the-structure-of-chromosomes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/q-2-what-are-chromosomes-and-genes-describe-the-structure-of-chromosomes\/","title":{"rendered":"Q.2 What are chromosomes and genes. Describe the structure of chromosomes."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Q.2\u00a0What are chromosomes and genes. Describe the structure of chromosomes.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Answer:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Genes <\/strong><br \/>\nGenes consist of DNA. They contain specific instructions for protein synthesis.<br \/>\nOr<br \/>\nUnits of inheritance, located on chromosomes are called genes.<br \/>\n<strong>Chromosomes <\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(a) Introduction <\/strong><br \/>\nHereditary material found in the nucleus of every cell is called chromosomes.<br \/>\n<strong>(b) Constant number<\/strong><br \/>\nBody cells have a constant number of paired chromosomes.<br \/>\n<strong>(c) Homologous chromosomes <\/strong><br \/>\nThe two chromosomes of a pair are known as homologous chromosomes. In human body cells, there are 23 pairs for a total of 46 chromosomes.<br \/>\n<strong>(d) Chemical composition : <\/strong><br \/>\nThey are made of chromatin material (chromatin). Chromatin is a complex material, made of DNA and proteins (histone).<br \/>\n<strong>(e) Nucleosomes <\/strong><br \/>\nDNA wraps around histone proteins and forms round structures, called nucleosomes. DNA is also present between nucleosomes.<br \/>\n<strong>Beads on a string<\/strong><br \/>\nThe nucleosomes and the DNA between them look like beads on a string.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1963 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/chromosome.jpg\" alt=\"chromosome\" width=\"412\" height=\"228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/chromosome.jpg 412w, https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/chromosome-300x166.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 412px) 100vw, 412px\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>Chromosomes<\/strong><br \/>\nThe fibers consisting of nucleosomes condenses into compact forms and get the structure of chromosomes.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/unit-15-inheritance-long-questions\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1462 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/back_button.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"45\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Q.2\u00a0What are chromosomes and genes. Describe the structure of chromosomes. Answer: Genes Genes consist of DNA. They contain specific instructions for protein synthesis. Or Units of inheritance, located on chromosomes are called genes. Chromosomes (a) Introduction Hereditary material found in the nucleus of every cell is called chromosomes. (b) Constant number Body cells have a&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/q-2-what-are-chromosomes-and-genes-describe-the-structure-of-chromosomes\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Q.2 What are chromosomes and genes. Describe the structure of chromosomes.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1962"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1962"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1962\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1964,"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1962\/revisions\/1964"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1962"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}