{"id":1484,"date":"2020-06-27T11:03:34","date_gmt":"2020-06-27T11:03:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/?p=1484"},"modified":"2020-06-27T13:09:18","modified_gmt":"2020-06-27T13:09:18","slug":"q-9-describe-different-types-of-respiratory-disorders-in-man","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/q-9-describe-different-types-of-respiratory-disorders-in-man\/","title":{"rendered":"Q.9 Describe different types of respiratory disorders in man."},"content":{"rendered":"

Q<\/b>.<\/b>9 <\/b>Describe <\/b>d<\/b>ifferen<\/b>t <\/b>types <\/b>of <\/b>respiratory <\/b>disorders <\/b>in <\/b>man<\/b>. <\/b>Q<\/b>.<\/b>9 <\/b>Describe <\/b>d<\/b>ifferen<\/b>t <\/b>types <\/b>of <\/b>respiratory <\/b>disorders <\/b>in <\/b>man<\/b>. <\/b><\/p>\n

Answer:<\/strong><\/p>\n

There <\/span>are <\/span>a <\/span>number <\/span>of <\/span>respiratory <\/span>disorders <\/span>which <\/span>affect <\/span>people<\/span>. <\/span>The <\/span>high <\/span>percentage <\/span>of <\/span>respiratory <\/span>disorders <\/span>in <\/span>Pakistan <\/span>is <\/span>due <\/span>to <\/span>more <\/span>concentration <\/span>of <\/span>air <\/span>pollutants <\/span>both <\/span>in <\/span>urban <\/span>and <\/span>rural <\/span>atmosphere<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Some <\/b>of <\/b>the <\/b>important <\/b>respiratory <\/b>disorders <\/b>are<\/b>: <\/b><\/p>\n

i<\/b>.<\/b>Bronchitis <\/b><\/p>\n

a<\/b>) <\/b>Introduction\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

It <\/span>is <\/span>the <\/span>inflammation <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>bronchi <\/span>or <\/span>bronchioles<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

b<\/b>) <\/b>Causes <\/b><\/p>\n

i) <\/strong>It <\/span>results <\/span>in <\/span>excessive <\/span>secretion <\/span>of <\/span>mucous <\/span>into <\/span>the <\/span>tubes<\/span>, <\/span>leading <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>swelling <\/span>of <\/span>tubular <\/span>walls <\/span>and <\/span>narrowing <\/span>of <\/span>tubes. <\/span><\/p>\n

ii) <\/strong>It <\/span>is <\/span>caused <\/span>by <\/span>viruses<\/span>, <\/span>bacteria <\/span>or <\/span>exposure <\/span>to chemical <\/span>irritants <\/span>(<\/span>e.<\/span>g<\/span>. <\/span>tobacco <\/span>smoke<\/span>)<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

c<\/b>) <\/b>Types\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

There <\/span>are <\/span>two <\/span>major <\/span>types <\/span>of <\/span>bronchitis <\/span>i<\/span>.<\/span>e<\/span>. <\/span>acute <\/span>and <\/span>chronic<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

i<\/b>) <\/b>Ac<\/b>ute <\/b>B<\/b>ronchitis\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

It <\/span>usually <\/span>lasts <\/span>about <\/span>two <\/span>weeks <\/span>and <\/span>patient <\/span>recovers <\/span>with no <\/span>permanent <\/span>damage <\/span>to <\/span>bronchi <\/span>or <\/span>bronchioles<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

ii<\/b>) <\/b>Chronic <\/b>bronchitis\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

In <\/span>chronic <\/span>bronchitis<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>bronchi <\/span>develop <\/span>chronic <\/span>inflammation<\/span>. <\/span>It <\/span>usually <\/span>lasts <\/span>for <\/span>three <\/span>months <\/span>to <\/span>two <\/span>years<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

d<\/b>) <\/b>Symptoms\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Symptoms <\/span>of bronchitis <\/span>include<\/span>: <\/span>Cough <\/span>Mild <\/span>wheezing <\/span>Fever <\/span>Chills <\/span>Shortness <\/span>of <\/span>breath <\/span>(<\/span>especially <\/span>when <\/span>doing <\/span>hard <\/span>job<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

e<\/b>) <\/b>Age <\/b>limit\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

The <\/span>majority <\/span>of <\/span>people <\/span>diagnosed <\/span>with <\/span>chronic <\/span>bronchitis <\/span>are <\/span>45 <\/span>years <\/span>of <\/span>age <\/span>or <\/span>older<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

ii<\/b>. <\/b>Emphyse<\/b>ma <\/b>Introduc<\/b>ti<\/b>on\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

It <\/span>is <\/span>the <\/span>destruction <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>walls <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>alveoli<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Explanation\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

It <\/span>results <\/span>in <\/span>larger <\/span>sacs <\/span>but <\/span>with less <\/span>surface <\/span>area <\/span>for <\/span>gaseous <\/span>excha<\/span>n<\/span>ge<\/span>. <\/span>As <\/span>lung <\/span>tissue <\/span>breaks <\/span>down<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>lungs <\/span>do <\/span>not <\/span>come <\/span>back <\/span>to <\/span>their <\/span>original <\/span>shape after <\/span>exhalation <\/span>so <\/span>air <\/span>cannot <\/span>be <\/span>pushed <\/span>out <\/span>and <\/span>is <\/span>trapped in <\/span>the <\/span>lungs<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Symptoms\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

It <\/span>includes<\/span>: <\/span>1<\/span>. <\/span>Shortness <\/span>of <\/span>breath <\/span>i<\/span>i<\/span>. <\/span>Fatigue <\/span>iii<\/span>. <\/span>Recurrent <\/span>respiratory <\/span>infections<\/span>. <\/span>iv<\/span>. <\/span>Weight <\/span>loss\u00a0 <\/span>By <\/span>the <\/span>time <\/span>the <\/span>symptoms <\/span>of <\/span>emphysema <\/span>appear<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>patient <\/span>has <\/span>usually <\/span>lost <\/span>50<\/span>% <\/span>to <\/span>70<\/span>% <\/span>of <\/span>hi<\/span>s<\/span><\/i>\/<\/span><\/i>her <\/span>lung <\/span>tissue<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Effects\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

The <\/span>level <\/span>of <\/span>ox<\/span>yg<\/span>en <\/span>in <\/span>blood <\/span>may <\/span>get <\/span>so <\/span>low <\/span>that <\/span>it <\/span>causes <\/span>serious <\/span>complications<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

iii<\/b>. <\/b>Pneumonia <\/b>Int<\/b>roducti<\/b>on\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

It <\/span>is <\/span>an <\/span>infection <\/span>of <\/span>lungs<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Double <\/b>pneumonia\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

If <\/span>this <\/span>infection <\/span>affects <\/span>both <\/span>lungs<\/span>, <\/span>it <\/span>is <\/span>called <\/span>double <\/span>pneumonia<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/b>auses\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

The <\/span>most <\/span>common <\/span>cause <\/span>of <\/span>pneumonia <\/span>is <\/span>a <\/span>bacterium<\/span>, <\/span>S<\/span>treptococcus <\/span><\/i>pneumonia<\/span><\/i>. <\/span><\/i>Some <\/span>viral <\/span>influenza <\/span>virus<\/span>) <\/span>and <\/span>fungal <\/span>infections <\/span>may <\/span>also <\/span>lead <\/span>to <\/span>pneumonia<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Exp<\/b>lanation\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

When <\/span>the <\/span>causative <\/span>organisms <\/span>enter <\/span>the <\/span>alveoli<\/span>, <\/span>they <\/span>break <\/span>the <\/span>lung <\/span>tissues <\/span>and <\/span>the <\/span>area <\/span>is <\/span>filled <\/span>with <\/span>fluid <\/span>and <\/span>pus. <\/span><\/p>\n

Sy<\/b>mptoms\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

It <\/span>includes <\/span>a <\/span>cold <\/span>that <\/span>is <\/span>followed <\/span>by <\/span>a <\/span>high <\/span>fever<\/span>, <\/span>shivering<\/span>, <\/span>and <\/span>a <\/span>cough <\/span>with <\/span>sputum <\/span>production<\/span>. <\/span>Patient <\/span>may <\/span>become <\/span>short <\/span>of <\/span>breath<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Effects\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

The <\/span>patient<\/span>‘<\/span>s <\/span>skin colour <\/span>may <\/span>change <\/span>and <\/span>become <\/span>dusky <\/span>or <\/span>purplish<\/span>. <\/span>It <\/span>is <\/span>due <\/span>to <\/span>poor ox<\/span>y<\/span>genation <\/span>o<\/span>f <\/span>blood<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Treatment <\/b><\/p>\n

i. <\/strong>Vaccines <\/span>are <\/span>available <\/span>to <\/span>prevent <\/span>pneumonia <\/span>caused <\/span>by <\/span>S<\/span>. <\/span><\/i>pneumonia<\/span><\/i>. <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

ii. <\/strong>Antibiotics <\/span>are <\/span>used <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>treatment <\/span>of <\/span>this <\/span>disease<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

iv<\/b>. <\/b>Asthma<\/p>\n

Introduction\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

It <\/span>is <\/span>a <\/span>form <\/span>of <\/span>allergy<\/span>, <\/span>in <\/span>which <\/span>there <\/span>is <\/span>inflammation <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>bronchi<\/span>, <\/span>more <\/span>mucous <\/span>production <\/span>and <\/span>narrowing <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>airways<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Explanation\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

In <\/span>asthma <\/span>patients<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>bronchi <\/span>and <\/span>bronchioles <\/span>become <\/span>sensitive <\/span>to <\/span>different <\/span>allergens <\/span>(<\/span>allergy <\/span>causing <\/span>factors<\/span>) <\/span>e<\/span>.<\/span>g<\/span>. <\/span>dust<\/span>, <\/span>smoke<\/span>, <\/span>perfumes<\/span>, <\/span>pollens <\/span>etc<\/span>. <\/span>When <\/span>exposed to <\/span>any <\/span>of <\/span>such <\/span>allergens<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>sensitive <\/span>airways <\/span>show <\/span>immediate <\/span>and <\/span>excessive <\/span>response <\/span>of <\/span>constriction<\/span>. <\/span>In <\/span>this <\/span>condition<\/span>, <\/span>the <\/span>patient <\/span>feels <\/span>difficulty <\/span>in <\/span>breathing<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

S<\/b>ympt<\/b>oms\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

It <\/span>varies <\/span>from <\/span>person <\/span>to <\/span>person<\/span>. <\/span>It <\/span>includes<\/span>: <\/span><\/p>\n

i<\/strong>.<\/strong> <\/span>Shortness <\/span>of <\/span>breath <\/span>(<\/span>especially <\/span>with <\/span>exertion <\/span>or <\/span>at <\/span>night<\/span>) <\/span><\/p>\n

ii. <\/strong>Wheezing <\/span>(<\/span>whistling <\/span>sound <\/span>when <\/span>breathing <\/span>out<\/span>) <\/span><\/p>\n

iii. <\/strong>Cough <\/span><\/p>\n

iv. <\/strong>Chest <\/span>tightness <\/span><\/p>\n

Treatment\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

The medicine in the form of inhalers with ability to dilate the bronchi and bronchioles are used in the treatment of asthma.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

(<\/b>v<\/b>) <\/b>Lung Cancer \/ Explain lung cancer and Passive smoking<\/p>\n

Introduction\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

It <\/span>is <\/span>a <\/span>disease <\/span>of <\/span>uncontrolled <\/span>cell <\/span>divisions <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>tissues <\/span>of <\/span>the <\/span>lung<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Exp<\/b>lanation\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

In <\/span>lung <\/span>cancer<\/span>, <\/span>cells <\/span>continue <\/span>to <\/span>divide <\/span>without <\/span>any <\/span>control <\/span>and <\/span>form <\/span>tumours<\/span>. <\/span>The cellular <\/span>growth <\/span>may <\/span>also <\/span>invade <\/span>adjacent <\/span>tissues <\/span>beyond <\/span>the <\/span>lungs<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Symptoms\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

The <\/span>most <\/span>common <\/span>symptoms <\/span>are<\/span>: <\/span><\/p>\n

i. <\/strong>Shortness <\/span>of <\/span>breath <\/span><\/p>\n

ii. <\/strong>Coughing <\/span>(<\/span>including <\/span>coughing <\/span>up <\/span>blood<\/span>) <\/span><\/p>\n

iii<\/strong>. <\/span>Weight <\/span>loss<\/span>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

C<\/b>auses <\/b><\/p>\n

(<\/b>1<\/b>) <\/b>M<\/b>ain <\/b>cause<\/b>:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Smoking <\/span>is <\/span>the <\/span>main <\/span>cause <\/span>of <\/span>lung <\/span>cancer<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/b>2<\/b>) <\/b>Other <\/b>C<\/b>ause<\/b>s <\/b>are<\/b>: <\/b><\/p>\n

(<\/span>i<\/span>) <\/span>Carcinogens <\/span>(<\/span>such <\/span>as <\/span>those <\/span>in <\/span>cigarette <\/span>smoke<\/span>) <\/span><\/p>\n

(ii<\/span>) <\/span>lonizing <\/span>radiation <\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>iii<\/span>) <\/span>Viral <\/span>infection <\/span><\/p>\n

Known <\/b>number <\/b>of <\/b>carcinogens\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Cigarette <\/span>smoke <\/span>contains <\/span>over <\/span>50 <\/span>known <\/span>carcinogens<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Lu<\/b>ng <\/b>cancer <\/b>in <\/b>no<\/b>n<\/b>–<\/b>smokers\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

The <\/span>risk <\/span>of <\/span>lung <\/span>cancer <\/span>is <\/span>significantly <\/span>lower <\/span>in <\/span>non<\/span>–<\/span>smokers<\/span>.\u00a0 <\/span>Passive <\/span>smoking <\/span>(<\/span>the <\/span>inhalation <\/span>of <\/span>smoke <\/span>from <\/span>another<\/span>‘<\/span>s <\/span>smoking<\/span>) <\/span>is <\/span>al<\/span>so <\/span>a <\/span>cause <\/span>of <\/span>lung <\/span>cancer<\/span>. <\/span>The <\/span>smoke <\/span>from <\/span>the <\/span>burning <\/span>end <\/span>of <\/span>a <\/span>cigarette <\/span>is <\/span>more <\/span>dangerous <\/span>than <\/span>the <\/span>smoke <\/span>from <\/span>the <\/span>filter <\/span>end<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Preventi<\/b>o<\/i><\/b>n <\/b><\/p>\n

(i) <\/strong>Eliminating <\/span>tobacco <\/span>smoking <\/span>is <\/span>a <\/span>primary <\/span>goal <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>prevention <\/span>of <\/span>lung <\/span>cancer<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) <\/strong>The <\/span>World <\/span>Health <\/span>Or<\/span>g<\/span>anization <\/span>has <\/span>called <\/span>for <\/span>governments <\/span>to <\/span>stop <\/span>tobacco <\/span>advertising <\/span>to <\/span>prevent <\/span>young <\/span>people <\/span>from <\/span>taking <\/span>up <\/span>smoking<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) <\/strong>If <\/span>a <\/span>person stops <\/span>smoking <\/span>the <\/span>chance <\/span>to <\/span>develop <\/span>cancer <\/span>decreases <\/span>as <\/span>damage <\/span>to <\/span>the <\/span>lungs <\/span>is <\/span>repaired <\/span>and <\/span>contaminant <\/span>particles <\/span>are <\/span>gradually <\/span>removed<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Effects<\/b><\/p>\n

Lung <\/span>cancer <\/span>is <\/span>the <\/span>most <\/span>common <\/span>cause <\/span>of <\/span>cancer<\/span>–<\/span>related <\/span>deaths <\/span>and <\/span>is <\/span>responsible <\/span>for <\/span>more <\/span>than <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

1<\/span>.<\/span>3 <\/span>million <\/span>deaths <\/span>worldwide <\/span>annually<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Q.9 Describe different types of respiratory disorders in man. Q.9 Describe different types of respiratory disorders in man. Answer: There are a number of respiratory disorders which affect people. The high percentage of respiratory disorders in Pakistan is due to more concentration of air pollutants both in urban and rural atmosphere. Some of the important… Read More »Q.9 Describe different types of respiratory disorders in man.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1484"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1484"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1484\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1505,"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1484\/revisions\/1505"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/murreeroad.org\/Biology10\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}