Unit 18 Pharmacology Short Questions

Q.1 Define pharmacology and distinguish it from pharmacy?
Q.2 Differentiate between medicinal drug and addictive drug.
Q.3 Differentiate between analgesic and antibiotic?
Q.4 What is marijuana? To which category of addictive drugs it belongs?
Q.5 Differentiate between narcotics and hallucinogens?
Q.6 What is Aspirin?
Q.7 What do you know about bactericidal and bacteriostatic?
Q.8 What is cardiotonic?
Q.9 Define the term cephalosporin?
Q.10 What is heroin?
Q.11 What is Morphine?
Q.12 What are sedatives?
Q.13 What do you know about sulfonamide and tetracycline?
Q.14 What is vaccine?
Q.15 Define the term disinfactants?
Q.16 What is tincture of iodine?
Q.17 Make a difference between broad spectrum and narrow spectrum antibiotics?
Q.18 What is role of antibodies?
Q.19 Define antibiotics.
Q.20 Name two drugs obtained from animals.
Q.21 What are the functions of antibiotics?OR Define drug. Name one synthetic drug.
Q.22 What is meant by drug?” Give one example.
Q.23 Write the name of two drugs which are obtained from minerals.
Q.24 Which antibiotic is obtained from soil?
Q.25 Differentiate between antiseptic and antibiotics.
Q.26 Write the contributions of Sir Alexander Fleming in the field of pharmacology
Q.27 Write the important contributions of Joseph Lister in the field of surgery.
Q.28 Is vaccines provide life time immunity?
Q.29 Write two functions of B.Lymphocytes.
Q.1 Define pharmacology and distinguish it from pharmacy?
Answer:
Pharmacology
It is the study of drug composition, properties and medical applications. Sources of drugs are also studied in pharmacology.
Pharmacy
While pharmacy is the study of preparation of medicines and drugs. Pharmacology is not synonymous with pharmacy.
Q.2 Differentiate between medicinal drug and addictive drug.
Answer:
Medicinal drug
It is defined as any chemical substance used in the diagnosis, cure, treatment or prevention of diseases.
Addictive drug
Some drugs often make person dependent on them or addicted. The person’s body becomes familiar to it and user cannot function well without it, these are called addictive drugs.
Q.3 Differentiate between analgesic and antibiotic?
Answer:
Analgesic (pain killers) reduces pains e.g. paracetamol etc.
Antibiotic
Antibiotic are chemicals which inhibits or kills bacteria and treat bacterial infection e.g. tetracycline etc.
Q.4 What is marijuana? To which category of addictive drugs it belongs?
Answer:
Marijuana is a hallucinogen which is smoked. It is obtained from flowers, stems, leaves of the marijuana plant, It belongs to the category of hallucinogens which result in a feeling of well being that lasts two to three hours.
Q.5 Differentiate between narcotics and hallucinogens?
Answer:
Narcotics
Narcotics are strong painkillers. These drugs are often prescribed in conjunction with other less potent painkillers. These are used to relieve pain, but some people may abuse narcotics for ecstatic effects. Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens are the drugs that cause changes in perception, thought, emotion and consciousness.
Q.6. What is Aspirin?
Answer:
A pain killer medicine, synthesized in Laboratory having the composition as Acetaminophen.
Q.7 What do you know about bactericidal and bacteriostatic?
Answer:
The antibiotics that they kill bacteria e.g. cephalosporins are called bactericidal. Bacteriostatic
The antibiotics that they work by stopping bacterial growth e.g. sulphonamides.
Q.8 What is cardiotonic?
Answer:
Medicines for giving strength to heart muscles is called cardiotonics.
Q.9 Define the term cephalosporin?
Answer:
A group of antibiotics, interfere with synthesis of bacterial cell wall and so are bactericidal. It is used to treat pneumonia, sorethroat, tonsillitis, bronchitis etc.
Q.10 What is heroin?
Answer:
A commonly abused narcotic, derived from morphine, affects the central nervous system and causes drowsiness, hypertension etc.
Q.11 What is Morphine?
Answer:
A commonly used narcotic, derived from the juice of opium, acts directly on the CNS to relieve pain, has a high potential for addiction.
Q.12 What are sedatives?
Answer:
The types of drugs that interact with the central nervous system to depress its activities, make a person calm or drowsy e.g. diazepam.
Q.13 What do you know about sulfonamide and tetracycline?
Answer:
Sulfonamide
Sulpha drugs are synthetic anti-biotics that contain sulfonamide group. They are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics. They inhibit the folic acid synthesis in bacteria and used to treat pneumonia and urinary tract infections. Tetracycline
Broad spectrum bacteriostatic inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. It is used in the treatment of infections of respiratory tract, urinary tract, intestine etc.
Q.14 What is vaccine?
Answer:
The material used to produce immunity to a disease by stimulating the production of antibodies.
Q.15 Define the term disinfactants?
Answer:
Disinfactants destroy microorganism found on non-living objects. Q.16 What is tincture of iodine? Ans. The mineral iodine is used in making tincture of iodine, a liquid that helps to prevent infection when applied to cuts and bruises.
Q.17 Make a difference between broad spectrum and narrow spectrum antibiotics?
Answer:
Broad Spectrum Antibiotics
Some antibiotics can be used to treat a wide range of infections and are known as broad spectrum antibiotics.
Narrow Spectrum Antibiotics
Antibiotics used against a few types of bacteria are called narrow spectrum antibiotics.
Q.18 What is role of antibodies? 
Answer:
When pathogens enter the body (blood) of host, these proteins stimulate an immune response in host i.e. synthesis of “antibodies”. Antibodies bind to pathogens and destroy them. In addition, “memory cells” are produced, which remain in blood and provide protection against future infections with the same pathogens.
Q.19. Define antibiotics.
Answer:
An antibiotics is a drug that kills or retards the growth (reproduction) of bacteria. They are the chemicals produced by or derived from microorganisms (bacteria and fungi).
Q.20. Name two drugs obtained from animals.
Answer:
Fish liver oils, musk, bee’s wax, certain hormones and antitoxins are obtained from animal sources.
Q.21. What are the functions of antibiotics?OR Define drug. Name one synthetic drug.
Answer:
Antibiotics are used to treat many different bacterial infections. Some antibiotics are bactericidal meaning that they kill bacteria. Others are bacteriostatic meaning that they work by stopping bacterial growth.
Q.22. What is meant by drug?” Give one example.
Answer:
Any substance that, when absorbed into the body of a living organism, alters normal body function is known as a drug e.g. Aspirin, is an example of synthetic drug.
Q.23. Write the name of two drugs which are obtained from minerals.
Answer:
(i) Tincture of Iodine
(ii) Silver Nitrate
Q.24. Which antibiotic is obtained from soil?
Answer:
Terramycine is obtained from the soil which is used to treat many infections.
Q.25. Differentiate between antiseptic and antibiotics.
Answer:
Antiseptic reduces the possibility of infection on skin while antibiotics inhibit or kill bacteria within or on the body.
Q.26. Write the contributions of Sir Alexander Fleming in the field of pharmacology,
Answer:
Sir Alexander Fleming discovered the antibiotic penicillin from the fungus Penicillium notatum for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1945.
Q.27. Write the important contributions of Joseph Lister in the field of surgery.
Answer:
Joseph Lister was an English surgeon. He promoted the idea of sterile surgery for the first time. He introduced carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments and to clean wounds.
Q:28. Is vaccines provide life time immunity?
Answer:
Some vaccines do not provide life time immunity. For example Tetanus vaccines are only effective for a limited period of time. In such cases, booster shots are necessary to maintain continuous protection.
Q.29. Write two functions of B.Lymphocytes.
Answer:
B.Lymphocytes recognize the weakened or dead pathogens as enemies and start producing antibodies against them. These antibodies remain in blood and provide protection against pathogens. If real pathogens enter blood, the already present antibodies kill them.