Q.14 Explain the disorders of Nervous system.
Disorders of nervous system can be categorized into two main types i.e.
(i) Vascular Disorders
Vascular disorders are due to any disturbance in the blood supply to nervous system e.g. paralysis.
Paralysis
Paralysis is the complete loss of function by one or more muscle groups. Patients may have weak paralysis throughout his or her body or have paralysis in the lower extremities or
in all four limbs
Causes
Following are the causes of paralysis:
(i) It is most often caused by damage to the central nervous system (brain or spinal cord). The damage may be due to stroke i.e. rupture in a blood vessel of brain or spinal cord.
(ii) Blood clotting in blood vessels.”.
(iii) Poison produced by polio viruses.
(ii) Functional Disorders
Functional disorders are due to any disturbance in nerve impulse generation and transmission e.g. epilepsy.
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a nervous disorder in which there is abnormal and excessive discharge of nerve impulses in brain. It causes unprovoked seizures in patient. A seizure of epilepsy is a temporary abnormal state of brain marked by convulsions.
Causes
In younger people, epilepsy may be due to genetic or developmental causes. In people over age 40 years brain tumours are more likely to cause epilepsy.
Head trauma and central nervous system infections may cause epilepsy at any age.
Cure
There is no known cure of epilepsy but medicines can control seizures.
Treatment
Patients of epilepsy have to take medicines daily for the treatment as well as the prevention of seizures. These medicines are termed as anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drugs